练习

练习1：编写一个inventory文件，管理虚拟机(假设虚拟机IP为192.168.33.10)。

文件名:hosts

[static_page]
192.168.33.10

练习2：使用Ansible的ping模块。

ansible -i hosts all -m ping

执行成功之后，应该显示如下结果：

$ ansible -i hosts all -m ping
192.168.33.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
可能出现的错误：

  • 错误1：宿主机的public key没有放到虚拟机的authorized_keys中。 

    $ ansible -i hosts all -m ping
192.168.33.10 | UNREACHABLE! => {
  "changed": false, 
  "msg": "ERROR! SSH encountered an unknown error during the connection. We recommend you re-run the command using -vvvv, which will enable SSH debugging output to help diagnose the issue", 
  "unreachable": true
}

      可执行下述命令，或者手动将宿主机（以Mac为例）的public key粘贴追加到虚拟机的authorized_keys中：

    cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh [email protected] "grep . >> .ssh/authorized_keys"

  • 错误2：宿主机的known_hosts中以前加入过和该IP地址。

    $ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh [email protected] "grep . >> .ssh/authorized_keys"
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
f2:dc:fd:39:b2:fe:04:2b:cb:d0:b1:e8:c0:12:53:ca.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in /Users/yuzhang/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending RSA key in /Users/yuzhang/.ssh/known_hosts:4
RSA host key for 192.168.33.10 has changed and you have requested strict checking.
Host key verification failed.

      可执行下述命令。或者手动去宿主机的know_hosts中删除对应的IP：

    ssh-keygen -R 192.168.33.10

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